{"id":364,"date":"2016-03-19T22:36:33","date_gmt":"2016-03-19T14:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.worren.net\/?p=364"},"modified":"2016-03-19T22:36:33","modified_gmt":"2016-03-19T14:36:33","slug":"freebsd-10-2-release-web-gmirror-w","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.worren.net\/?p=364","title":{"rendered":"FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE \u5b89\u88dd\u5728 GMIRROR \u4e0a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='drop-case'> <p> \u56e0\u70ba\u4e4b\u524d worren.net \u53ea\u7528\u4e86 1 \u9846 160GB \u7684 hdd in a thin PC . \u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u5c07 \/etc \u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u9032\u884c\u5b9a\u671f\u7570\u6a5fbackup&#160; ..  <!--more--> \u9019\u6b21hdd \u6574\u500b\u639b\u6389 , \u82b1\u4e86\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u6642\u9593 survey \u65b0\u6a5f\u5668 \/ \u63a1\u8cfc \/ \u5b89\u88dd &#8230; 1 \u5468\u7576\u7136\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u9918\u7684\u6642\u9593 &#8230; \u4f46\u9019\u6b21\u88ab\u60e0\u96c5\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u6211&#8230; \u5e79\u561b\u4e0d\u63db\u4e00\u53f0\u597d\u4e00\u9ede\u5152\u7684\u6a5f\u5668,&#160; \u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u770b\u6211\u4fee\u96fb\u8166 &#8230; <span class=\"wp-font-emots-emo-tongue\"><\/span> &#8230; \u8cb7\u4e86 2bay \u7684 ASUS Vivo PC , \u5c31\u662f\u8981\u62ff\u4f86\u505a RAID 1 .<\/div>\n <p> VivoPC \u662f\u63a1\u7528 intel \u5e73\u53f0 . \u6709\u652f\u6301 RST . \u4f46&#8230; \u9084\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u600e\u9ebc\u7528 ! \u6211\u4e5f\u61f6\u5f97\u627e RST in FreeBSD \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86 . \u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 FreeBSD \u5167\u5efa\u7684 software . .. \u65bc\u662f\u4e4e, \u627e\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0 .. \u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39 .. step by step . .. \u628a\u5979\u7bc0\u9304\u4e00\u4e0b , \u4ee5\u514d\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5979\u4e0d\u898b\u4e86 ..\n<blockquote data-secret=\"w8bNWhFDG7\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"> <p> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/\">HOWTO: Installing FreeBSD with gmirror (software&nbsp;RAID&nbsp;1) and the GPT partitioning scheme<\/a><\/blockquote>\n <p> <iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"display:none;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/embed\/#?secret=w8bNWhFDG7\" data-secret=\"w8bNWhFDG7\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"Embedded WordPress Post\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<div class=\"page-holder\">Home &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/\" rel=\"v:url\">Tech Blog<\/a> &gt; <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\">HOWTO: Installing FreeBSD with gmirror (software&#160;RAID&#160;1) and the GPT partitioning scheme<\/span>\n<div id=\"main\">\n<div class=\"w1\">\n<div class=\"w2\">\n<section class=\"content\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<h1>HOWTO: Installing FreeBSD with gmirror (software&#160;RAID&#160;1) and the GPT partitioning scheme<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"subtitle\">Posted on <strong>Saturday, May 5, 2012<\/strong> under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/freebsd\/\" rel=\"tag\">FreeBSD<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/gmirror\/\" rel=\"tag\">gmirror<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/gpt\/\" rel=\"tag\">GPT<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/partitioning\/\" rel=\"tag\">partitioning<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/raid\/\" rel=\"tag\">RAID<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"holder\">\n<article class=\"main-box\">\n<div><strong>Last Updated April 30th, 2015.<\/strong> This article is really popular, I\u2019ll do my best to keep it up to date! I\u2019ve added notes about TRIM, alignment and GMIRROR (-h) labeling since it was originally posted.<\/div>\n <p> <strong>Note:<\/strong> These instructions have been verified to work for FreeBSD 9.1, FreeBSD 9.2, FreeBSD 10.0, and FreeBSD 10.1 .\n <p> By default gmirror and the GPT partitioning scheme do not get along.&#160; This is because both GEOM (the provider for gmirror) and GPT write meta data at the end of the disk.\n <p> <strong>Note:<\/strong> Instructions on <strong>rebuiling a gmirror<\/strong> with this kind of setup are at the bottom under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#Replacing\">Testing &amp; Replacing A Failed Disk<\/a>.\n <p> The concept behind this procedure and &#8220;work around&#8221; is that instead of mirroring the entire disk, you use gmirror to mirror each of your partitions.\n <p> The order of these steps is important to avoid corruption.&#160; I would only do this on a clean install (and these directions are for that).&#160; If you setup a gmirror after the fact on a running machine the gmirror meta data has to get written somewhere, and if you&#8217;ve got a file system on it with data, you risk corrupting it and losing data if it happens to be at the end.\n <p> To avoid this we&#8217;ll setup GPT, create the partitions, create the gmirror providers and finally newfs the appropriate partition.&#160; This ensures nothing will get corrupted.\n<h2>Step 1: Boot The FreeBSD Installer<\/h2>\n <p> Start the FreeBSD install process as normal.&#160; When you are asked about how you want to partition the disk pick &#8220;Shell&#8221;:\n <p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-305\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/shell-partition.png\" alt=\"FreeBSD 9 installer\" width=\"423\" height=\"176\" \/>\n<h2>Step 2: Setup The Partitions<\/h2>\n <p> Once inside the shell here are the commands to setup GPT and slice up both disks.&#160; These examples assume you are doing this on disk &#8216;ada0&#8217; and &#8216;ada1&#8217; (SATA), if you are using SCSI you&#8217;d do da0, da1. We also align the partitions to 1 MiB boundaries which will work with 4k (or advanced format) disks, for more information on this read my post about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/freebsd-partition-alignment-raid-ssd-4k-drive\/\">partition alignment under FreeBSD for 4k disks<\/a>.\n<blockquote>\n<pre># ---- Setup 1st disk\r\n#\r\ngpart create -s gpt ada0\r\ngpart add -s 128k -t freebsd-boot -l boot0 ada0\r\ngpart add -a 1m -s 8G -t freebsd-swap -l swap0 ada0\r\ngpart add -a 1m -t freebsd-ufs -l root0 ada0\r\n\r\n# -- Install boot code to first disk\r\ngpart bootcode -b \/boot\/pmbr -p \/boot\/gptboot -i 1 ada0\r\n\r\n# ---- Setup 2nd disk\r\n#\r\ngpart create -s gpt ada1\r\ngpart add -s 128k -t freebsd-boot -l boot1 ada1\r\ngpart add -a 1m -s 8G -t freebsd-swap -l swap1 ada1\r\ngpart add -a 1m -t freebsd-ufs -l root1 ada1\r\n\r\n# -- Install boot code to 2nd disk\r\ngpart bootcode -b \/boot\/pmbr -p \/boot\/gptboot -i 1 ada1\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Step 3: Setup The Gmirror Providers<\/h2>\n <p> Before we proceed we need to have GEOM &#8220;re-taste&#8221; the partitions so our nice labels show up in \/dev\/gpt\/:\n<blockquote>\n<pre>true &gt; \/dev\/ada0\r\ntrue &gt; \/dev\/ada1\r\n# You can check to make sure this worked by running:\r\nls -l \/dev\/gpt\/\r\n\r\n# Output should look similar to this:\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 100 \/dev\/gpt\/boot0\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 108 \/dev\/gpt\/boot1\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 102 \/dev\/gpt\/root0\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 110 \/dev\/gpt\/root1\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 104 \/dev\/gpt\/swap0\r\ncrw-r-----&#160; 1 root&#160; operator&#160;&#160;&#160; 0, 112 \/dev\/gpt\/swap1<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n <p> Now we can continue to build the mirror providers for each of our partitions:\n<blockquote>\n<pre># -- Build gmirrors\r\ngmirror label -h boot \/dev\/gpt\/boot0 \/dev\/gpt\/boot1\r\ngmirror label -h swap \/dev\/gpt\/swap0 \/dev\/gpt\/swap1\r\ngmirror label -h root \/dev\/gpt\/root0 \/dev\/gpt\/root1<\/pre>\n<pre># -- Load the geo_mirror KLD\r\nkldload geom_mirror\r\n\r\n# -- Check status\r\ngmirror status\r\n\r\n# -- You should see something like this:\r\n       Name    Status  Components\r\nmirror\/root  COMPLETE  gpt\/root1 (ACTIVE)\r\n                       gpt\/root0 (ACTIVE)\r\nmirror\/swap  COMPLETE  gpt\/swap1 (ACTIVE)\r\n                       gpt\/swap0 (ACTIVE)\r\nmirror\/boot  COMPLETE  gpt\/boot1 (ACTIVE)\r\n                       gpt\/boot0 (ACTIVE)<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Step 4: Create And Mount The Root <span class=\"wp-font-emots-ok\"><\/span> Filesystem<\/h2>\n <p> Here we actually format the root filesystem, enabling soft updates (-U).&#160; I also use &#8220;-L root&#8221; to set the filesystem label but this isn&#8217;t needed.&#160; Then we mount the new filesystem in \/mnt (which is where the installer expects the target filesystem to be).\n <p> <strong>If you are using SSDs<\/strong> add the -t option to the newfs call below so that TRIM support is enabled from the start.\n<blockquote>\n<pre># -- For HDDs:\r\nnewfs -U -L root \/dev\/mirror\/root\r\n# -- For SSDs:\r\nnewfs -t -U -L root \/dev\/mirror\/root\r\n\r\nmount \/dev\/mirror\/root \/mnt\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n <p> We now need to create the fstab file which will be put into place by the installer:\n<blockquote>\n<pre>vi \/tmp\/bsdinstall_etc\/fstab\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<pre># Device&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Mountpoint&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; FStype&#160; Options Dump&#160;&#160;&#160; Pass#\r\n\/dev\/mirror\/swap&#160; none&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; swap&#160;&#160;&#160; sw&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 0&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 0\r\n\/dev\/mirror\/root&#160; \/&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; ufs&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; rw&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 1&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; 1\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n <p> Exit out of the partitioning shell to resume the setup:\n<blockquote>\n<pre>exit<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>Step 5: Resume The Setup<\/h2>\n <p> Continue through the rest of the install as you normally would do.&#160; At the very end when you exit the installer you will see the prompt below:\n <p> <img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-306\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/final-mods.png\" alt=\"FreeBSD 9 installer\" width=\"369\" height=\"160\" \/>\n <p> Pick Yes.\n<h2>Step 6: Final Configuration<\/h2>\n <p> Inside this shell we just need to set a few last minute things to make sure our new OS loads GEOM on boot and also reports the mirror status in the daily report emails.\n<blockquote>\n<pre># -- Make sure gmirror module comes up on boot\r\necho 'geom_mirror_load=\"YES\"' &gt;&gt; \/boot\/loader.conf\r\n\r\n# -- Enable daily status reporting\r\necho 'daily_status_gmirror_enable=\"YES\"' &gt;&gt; \/etc\/periodic.conf\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n <p> And that&#8217;s it! Exit out of this shell:\n<blockquote>\n<pre>exit\r\n<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n <p> And reboot!\n<h2><a name=\"Replacing\"><\/a>Addendum: Testing &amp; Replacing A Failed Disk<\/h2>\n <p> To test your gmirror you can pull a disk out of a gmirror and the server should log a message in dmesg(8) but otherwise function normally.&#160; When you re-insert the disk it will rebuild automatically as gmirror will recognize it (be sure to let it rebuild fully before yanking another disk).\n <p> If you have a failed disk that needs replacing simply remove it and insert the new disk of the same size or greater (gmirror will only use the original size though).&#160; If your hardware supports hot-swap this can be done while the server is running.&#160; With the new disk in place we&#8217;ll need to re-partition in like we originally did above, tell gmirror to forget the old disk&#8217;s partitions and add the new disk&#8217;s partitions to the mirror containers.\n <p> Let&#8217;s assume for this example that ada1 has failed.&#160; Once the new disk has been inserted you&#8217;ll first want to make sure it&#8217;s blank by running:\n<blockquote> <p> gpart show ada1<\/blockquote>\n <p> If anything but a blank listing comes up (and your replacement disk is new) think long and hard! Make sure you&#8217;ve got the correct disk and device name!\n <p> If you are using a recycled disk that isn&#8217;t blank, first blank out it&#8217;s partition (again, double check the device name!):\n<blockquote> <p> gpart destroy -F ada1<\/blockquote>\n <p> Now we&#8217;ll partition the disk the way the originals are (above), adjust for any differences in your own partitioning:\n<blockquote> <p> gpart create -s gpt ada1 <br \/> \ngpart add -a 1m -s 128k -t freebsd-boot -l boot1 ada1 <br \/> \ngpart add -s 8G -t freebsd-swap -l swap1 ada1 <br \/> \ngpart add -t freebsd-ufs -l root1 ada1 <br \/> \ngpart bootcode -b \/boot\/pmbr -p \/boot\/gptboot -i 1 ada1<\/blockquote>\n <p> Have FreeBSD re-taste the \/dev\/gpt\/ device names:\n<blockquote> <p> true &gt; \/dev\/ada1 <br \/> \nls -l \/dev\/gpt\/<\/blockquote>\n <p> Now for each parition tell gmirror to forget any disk&#8217;s partitions which aren&#8217;t currently present and add the new partitions to become mirrored (remember we&#8217;re gmirroring each parittion individually instead of each disk so GPT can work happily with gmirror):\n<blockquote> <p> gmirror forget boot <br \/> \ngmirror insert -h boot \/dev\/gpt\/boot1\n <p> gmirror forget swap <br \/> \ngmirror insert -h swap \/dev\/gpt\/swap1\n <p> gmirror forget root <br \/> \ngmirror insert -h root \/dev\/gpt\/root1<\/blockquote>\n <p> Finally check the status of the rebuild:\n<blockquote> <p> gmirror status<\/blockquote>\n <p> More information can be found at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.freebsd.org\/doc\/handbook\/geom-mirror.html#GEOM-mirror-metadata\" target=\"_blank\">FreeBSD Handbook&#8217;s page on RAID1 mirroring<\/a>.\n<div id=\"comments\" class=\"comments-area\">\n<h2 class=\"comments-title\">18 thoughts on \u201cHOWTO: Installing FreeBSD with gmirror (software&#160;RAID&#160;1) and the GPT partitioning scheme\u201d<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"commentlist\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-33\" class=\"comment even thread-even depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-33\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">rizza <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-33\"><time datetime=\"2014-03-24T06:59:01+00:00\">March 24, 2014 at 6:59 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">i try to mirroring with freebsd 10 but i found a problem while insert mirror root. <br \/> \ngmirror insert root \/dev\/gpt\/root1 <br \/> \nproblem = gmirror: provider gpt\/root1 too small. <br \/> \nin my case root ada0 and ada1 had same size. <br \/> \nplease help me ass soon as possible\n <p> thank you\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=33#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-39\" class=\"comment byuser comment-author-adamsweb bypostauthor odd alt depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-39\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Adam Strohl Post author<\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-39\"><time datetime=\"2014-03-28T13:47:54+00:00\">March 28, 2014 at 1:47 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">Hey Rizza, it sounds like when you created the partition it got made too small as the error implies, can you show me the output of \u2018gpart show\u2019 ?\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=39#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-478\" class=\"comment even depth-3\">\n<article id=\"comment-478\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">rizza <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-478\"><time datetime=\"2014-06-20T11:47:35+00:00\">June 20, 2014 at 11:47 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">i am sorry for lately reply. <br \/> \ni already find out how solve my case <img class=\"wp-smiley\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/wp-includes\/images\/smilies\/simple-smile.png\" alt=\":)\" \/>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=478#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-106\" class=\"comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-106\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c7cd545dd4383cc0f526021493ff604?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1c7cd545dd4383cc0f526021493ff604?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Lost <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-106\"><time datetime=\"2014-04-25T09:37:22+00:00\">April 25, 2014 at 9:37 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">This does not work on FreeBSD 10.\n <p> Please provide actual instructions to \u201cResume the setup\u201d. You completely miss the actual partitioning in the installer, it\u2019s not even mentioned. So how do I handle disks inside the installer?\n <p> Thanks\u2026\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=106#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-112\" class=\"comment byuser comment-author-adamsweb bypostauthor even depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-112\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Adam Strohl Post author<\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-112\"><time datetime=\"2014-04-25T17:42:43+00:00\">April 25, 2014 at 5:42 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">I haven\u2019t had a chance to update the instructions yet, the title of the article doesn\u2019t claim it to work for 10.\n <p> Regarding missing \u201cpartitioning in the installer\u201d the whole point is you cannot use the installer to do it and need to manually partition, thus all the instructions above thew \u201cresume the setup\u201d portion where you manually partition the drive.\n <p> The installer\u2019s partitioning system cannot do these tasks which is why I wrote the instructions in the first place.\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=112#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-113\" class=\"comment odd alt depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-113\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/79ebd4c340e717d6bef8d592ab7c996c?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/79ebd4c340e717d6bef8d592ab7c996c?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Krissada Jindanupajit <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-113\"><time datetime=\"2014-04-25T17:53:25+00:00\">April 25, 2014 at 5:53 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">It work perfectly on FreeBSD 10 (GENERIC)\u2026\n <p> After you mount all new file systems to \/mnt, just type \u201cexit\u201d and it will resume the setup.\n<pre><code><\/code><\/pre>\n <p> mount \/dev\/mirror\/root \/mnt <br \/> \nmkdir \/mnt\/var <br \/> \nmount \/dev\/mirror\/var \/mnt\/var <br \/> \nmkdir \/mnt\/tmp <br \/> \nmount \/dev\/mirror\/tmp \/mnt\/tmp <br \/> \nmkdir \/mnt\/usr <br \/> \nmount \/dev\/mirror\/usr \/mnt\/usr\n <p> And just type \u201cexit\u201d, it will resume setup operation, then just follow Adam\u2019s instruction.\n <p> Thanks Adam for this post\u2026\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=114#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-141\" class=\"comment odd alt depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-141\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/79ebd4c340e717d6bef8d592ab7c996c?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/79ebd4c340e717d6bef8d592ab7c996c?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Krissada Jindanupajit <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-141\"><time datetime=\"2014-04-28T22:25:07+00:00\">April 28, 2014 at 10:25 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\"><b>Just a little correction !!<\/b>\n <p> Sorry for my mistake!\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=141#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-146\" class=\"comment byuser comment-author-adamsweb bypostauthor even depth-3\">\n<article id=\"comment-146\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Adam Strohl Post author<\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-146\"><time datetime=\"2014-04-29T01:57:11+00:00\">April 29, 2014 at 1:57 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">I merged your correction into your original comment so that should be correct now <img class=\"wp-smiley\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/wp-includes\/images\/smilies\/simple-smile.png\" alt=\":)\" \/>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=146#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-511\" class=\"comment odd alt depth-4\">\n<article id=\"comment-511\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cd72bd47e6158ae61b3c6d96c6f08f2d?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">rizza <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-511\"><time datetime=\"2014-06-25T03:07:58+00:00\">June 25, 2014 at 3:07 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">i just follow intruction from Krissada to partition var,tmp,usr and now i found new problem. <br \/> \nwhen i reboot without dvd ,its written\n <p> gptboot: no \/boot\/loader on 0:ad(0p3) <br \/> \ngptboot: no \/boot\/kernel\/kernel on 0:ad(0p3)\n <p> can you solve my case as fast as you can? <br \/> \nplease help me to solve my problem sir.\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=511#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-4487\" class=\"comment even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-4487\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6c2cd728791f1001f65d6e6cc5a3419b?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6c2cd728791f1001f65d6e6cc5a3419b?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">koorosh <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-4487\"><time datetime=\"2015-05-02T02:45:03+00:00\">May 2, 2015 at 2:45 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">Hi <br \/> \ncan you create guide for raid 10 too !? <br \/> \ni\u2019m little confused about raid 10 , but your step by step guide is very helpful.\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=4487#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-4491\" class=\"comment byuser comment-author-adamsweb bypostauthor odd alt depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-4491\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Adam Strohl Post author<\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-4491\"><time datetime=\"2015-05-02T04:57:46+00:00\">May 2, 2015 at 4:57 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">Thank you, but I would not recommend striped + mirrored ZFS as it has less redundancy than a RAIDZ2 would. <strong>Any<\/strong> two disks could fail and the RAID would continue working with RAIDZ2. With striped and mirrored vdevs (\u201cRAID10\u201d with ZFS) if you lose two disk within the same stripe your array will fail.\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=4491#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"comment-6165\" class=\"pingback even thread-even depth-1\">Pingback: <a class=\"url\" href=\"https:\/\/nq1320.wordpress.com\/2015\/08\/13\/geom-root-mirror-zfs-data\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Geom Root mirror &amp; ZFS Data | nq1320<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-6487\" class=\"comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-6487\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa637ce842e4da2d09174750e9ac6f1e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fa637ce842e4da2d09174750e9ac6f1e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Sigmar Wiesmayr <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-6487\"><time datetime=\"2015-08-26T07:03:14+00:00\">August 26, 2015 at 7:03 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">Adam,\n <p> thanks for this great instructions.\n <p> A detail, perhaps I am wrong, but at step 6, shouldn\u2019t it be <br \/> \necho \u2018geom_mirror_load=\u201dYES\u201d\u2018 &gt;&gt; \/mnt\/boot\/loader.conf and <br \/> \necho \u2018daily_status_gmirror_enable=\u201dYES\u201d\u2018 &gt;&gt; \/mnt\/etc\/periodic.conf\n <p> Regards, <br \/> \nSigmar\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=6487#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<ol class=\"children\">\n<li id=\"li-comment-6491\" class=\"comment byuser comment-author-adamsweb bypostauthor even depth-2\">\n<article id=\"comment-6491\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Adam Strohl Post author<\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-6491\"><time datetime=\"2015-08-26T17:20:27+00:00\">August 26, 2015 at 5:20 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">Hey Sigmar, the instructions in step 6 are correct as the \u201cfinal changes\u201d shell chroots to the new filesystem. So all paths should <b>not<\/b> have \/mnt in front of them at that step.\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=6491#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-8089\" class=\"comment odd alt thread-even depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-8089\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/022033d64958525cf45f702c800c7c6c?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/022033d64958525cf45f702c800c7c6c?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Sergey <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-8089\"><time datetime=\"2015-12-17T17:44:03+00:00\">December 17, 2015 at 5:44 pm<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">FeUg^Vd ]U ^cji cU freebsd 10.2 WgZ efdnad igeZncd )\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=8089#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"comment-8341\" class=\"pingback even thread-odd thread-alt depth-1\">Pingback: <a class=\"url\" href=\"http:\/\/selby.highfield-house.org.uk\/?p=109\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Geom Root mirror &amp; ZFS Data | Techy Stuff<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"li-comment-8645\" class=\"comment odd alt thread-even depth-1\">\n<article id=\"comment-8645\" class=\"comment\">\n<header class=\"comment-meta comment-author vcard\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-44 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e5925c6f123208455c052d91b5c37b31?s=44&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e5925c6f123208455c052d91b5c37b31?s=88&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"44\" \/><cite class=\"fn\">Layton <\/cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/#comment-8645\"><time datetime=\"2016-02-19T11:03:13+00:00\">February 19, 2016 at 11:03 am<\/time><\/a><\/header>\n<section class=\"comment-content comment\">perfectly\uff01\uff01\uff01thank you\uff01\uff01\uff01\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"reply\"><a class=\"comment-reply-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/installing-freebsd-9-gmirror-gpt-partitions-raid-1\/?replytocom=8645#respond\" rel=\"nofollow\">Reply<\/a>\u2193<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"respond\" class=\"comment-respond\">\n<h3 id=\"reply-title\" class=\"comment-reply-title\">Leave a Reply <small><\/small><\/h3>\n<form id=\"commentform\" class=\"comment-form\" action=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/wp-comments-post.php\" method=\"post\">\n<p class=\"comment-notes\"><span id=\"email-notes\">Your email address will not be published.<\/span> Required fields are marked <span class=\"required\">*<\/span>\n<p class=\"comment-form-comment\"><label for=\"comment\">Comment<\/label> <textarea id=\"comment\" cols=\"45\" name=\"comment\" required=\"required\" rows=\"8\"><\/textarea>\n<p class=\"comment-form-author\"><label for=\"author\">Name <span class=\"required\">*<\/span><\/label> <input id=\"author\" name=\"author\" required=\"required\" size=\"30\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" \/>\n<p class=\"comment-form-email\"><label for=\"email\">Email <span class=\"required\">*<\/span><\/label> <input id=\"email\" name=\"email\" required=\"required\" size=\"30\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" \/>\n<p class=\"comment-form-url\"><label for=\"url\">Website<\/label> <input id=\"url\" name=\"url\" size=\"30\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page-holder\">\n<div id=\"main\">\n<div class=\"w1\">\n<div class=\"w2\">\n<section class=\"content\">\n<div class=\"holder\">\n<article class=\"main-box\">\n<div id=\"comments\" class=\"comments-area\"><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<aside class=\"sidebar\">\n<article class=\"sidebar-box\">\n<div class=\"title-block\">\n<h2>About the Author<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-frame\">\n<div class=\"author_avatar\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"avatar avatar-256 photo\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=256&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/583b674efc0ceb307d6d965e2e8ccd6e?s=512&amp;d=mm&amp;r=g 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"author_bio\">A-Team Systems founder and president Adam Strohl is a FreeBSD evangelist and self proclaimed uber-geek.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"sidebar-box\">\n<div class=\"title-block\">\n<h2>New in our Tech Blog<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-frame\">\n<ul class=\"about-list\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"date\">December 23, 2015<\/div>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/logentries-logentries-com-under-freebsd\/\">Logentries (logentries.com) Under FreeBSD<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"date\">September 21, 2015<\/div>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/mysql-rbr-row-based-replication-w-gtid-halts-with-error_code-1032-handler-error-ha_err_end_of_file\/\">MySQL RBR (Row Based Replication) \/w GTID halts with Error_code: 1032; handler error HA_ERR_END_OF_FILE<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"date\">September 3, 2015<\/div>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tech-blog\/freebsd-hardware-raid-vs-gmirror-vs-zfs\/\">FreeBSD Hardware RAID vs. GMIRROR vs. ZFS<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"tag-cloud\" class=\"sidebar-box\">\n<div class=\"title-block\">\n<h2>Popular Topics<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"utcw-5plea2e tagcloud\"><a class=\"tag-link-46 utcw-tag utcw-tag-a-team-cluster\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/a-team-cluster\/\">A-Team Cluster<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-18 utcw-tag utcw-tag-apache-httpd\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/apache-httpd\/\">Apache HTTPd<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-61 utcw-tag utcw-tag-backups\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/backups\/\">backups<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-49 utcw-tag utcw-tag-black-list\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/black-list\/\">black list<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-73 utcw-tag utcw-tag-cloud-servers\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/cloud-servers\/\">cloud servers<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-30 utcw-tag utcw-tag-couchdb\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/couchdb\/\">CouchDB<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-77 utcw-tag utcw-tag-dedicated-servers\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/dedicated-servers\/\">dedicated servers<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-22 utcw-tag utcw-tag-dns\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/dns\/\">DNS<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-40 utcw-tag utcw-tag-esxi\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/esxi\/\">ESXi<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-12 utcw-tag utcw-tag-freebsd\" title=\"19 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/freebsd\/\">FreeBSD<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-26 utcw-tag utcw-tag-ftp\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/ftp\/\">FTP<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-35 utcw-tag utcw-tag-gmirror\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/gmirror\/\">gmirror<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-34 utcw-tag utcw-tag-gpt\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/gpt\/\">GPT<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-79 utcw-tag utcw-tag-hardware\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/hardware\/\">hardware<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-51 utcw-tag utcw-tag-internet\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/internet\/\">Internet<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-91 utcw-tag utcw-tag-joomla\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/joomla\/\">Joomla<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-56 utcw-tag utcw-tag-ldap\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/ldap\/\">LDAP<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-59 utcw-tag utcw-tag-linux\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/linux\/\">Linux<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-44 utcw-tag utcw-tag-maintenance\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/maintenance\/\">maintenance<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-43 utcw-tag utcw-tag-monitoring\" title=\"8 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/monitoring\/\">monitoring<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-95 utcw-tag utcw-tag-mysql\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/mysql\/\">MySQL<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-89 utcw-tag utcw-tag-new-relic\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/new-relic\/\">New Relic<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-41 utcw-tag utcw-tag-nfs\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/nfs\/\">NFS<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-83 utcw-tag utcw-tag-nginx\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/nginx\/\">NginX<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-36 utcw-tag utcw-tag-partitioning\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/partitioning\/\">partitioning<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-13 utcw-tag utcw-tag-performance\" title=\"5 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/performance\/\">Performance<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-31 utcw-tag utcw-tag-php\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/php\/\">PHP<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-17 utcw-tag utcw-tag-port\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/port\/\">port<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-45 utcw-tag utcw-tag-pricing\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/pricing\/\">pricing<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-27 utcw-tag utcw-tag-proftpd\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/proftpd\/\">ProFTPd<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-71 utcw-tag utcw-tag-rackmount\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/rackmount\/\">rackmount<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-37 utcw-tag utcw-tag-raid\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/raid\/\">RAID<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-21 utcw-tag utcw-tag-rc-d\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/rc-d\/\">rc.d<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-50 utcw-tag utcw-tag-security\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/security\/\">security<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-33 utcw-tag utcw-tag-seo\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/seo\/\">SEO<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-19 utcw-tag utcw-tag-snmp\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/snmp\/\">SNMP<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-38 utcw-tag utcw-tag-ssd\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/ssd\/\">SSD<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-63 utcw-tag utcw-tag-ssl\" title=\"3 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/ssl\/\">SSL<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-42 utcw-tag utcw-tag-systems-administration\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/systems-administration\/\">systems administration<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-24 utcw-tag utcw-tag-tail\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/tail\/\">tail<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-93 utcw-tag utcw-tag-ufs\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/ufs\/\">UFS<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-25 utcw-tag utcw-tag-unix\" title=\"7 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/unix\/\">UNIX<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-16 utcw-tag utcw-tag-vmware\" title=\"4 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/vmware\/\">VMware<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-32 utcw-tag utcw-tag-web-dev\" title=\"1 topic\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/web-dev\/\">Web Dev<\/a> <a class=\"tag-link-57 utcw-tag utcw-tag-zfs\" title=\"2 topics\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/tag\/zfs\/\">ZFS<\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer id=\"footer\">\n<div class=\"w1\">\n<div class=\"w2\">\n<div class=\"footer-block\">\n<address># a-team systems, 4110 se hawthorne blvd., #953, portland, or 97214-5246<\/address>\n <p> # 1.877.883.1394 <span class=\"info\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ateamsystems.com\/contact\">contact 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